医学英语词汇：神经系统【最新3篇】
医学英语词汇：神经系统 篇一
神经系统是人体重要的生理系统之一，它由大脑、脊髓和周围神经组成。神经系统负责人体的感知、思考、运动等各种生理功能。在医学英语中，有许多与神经系统相关的词汇需要熟悉和掌握。本文将介绍一些常见的医学英语词汇，帮助读者更好地理解和学习神经系统领域的知识。
1. Brain（大脑）: The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It is responsible for processing information, coordinating movements, and regulating vital functions.
2. Spinal cord（脊髓）: The spinal cord is a long, tubular bundle of nerves that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back. It transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
3. Neuron（神经元）: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system. They are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
4. Synapse（突触）: A synapse is a junction between two neurons where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted. It is the site of communication between neurons.
5. Central nervous system（中枢神经系统）: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It controls most functions of the body and processes information from the senses.
6. Peripheral nervous system（外周神经系统）: The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside of the central nervous system. It connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs.
7. Cerebral cortex（大脑皮层）: The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain. It is responsible for higher functions such as perception, language, and decision-making.
8. Motor neuron（运动神经元）: Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, controlling movement and secretion.
9. Sensory neuron（感觉神经元）: Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory organs to the central nervous system, allowing us to perceive the environment.
10. Autonomic nervous system（自主神经系统）: The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
这些词汇是医学英语中与神经系统相关的重要词汇，掌握它们有助于学习和理解神经系统的结构和功能。希望读者能够通过学习这些词汇，对神经系统有更深入的认识。
医学英语词汇：神经系统 篇二
神经系统是人体的重要生理系统之一，它负责传递信息、控制运动和调节各种生理功能。在医学英语中，有许多与神经系统相关的词汇需要学习和掌握。本文将进一步介绍一些医学英语词汇，帮助读者更好地理解和运用神经系统领域的知识。
1. Neurotransmitter（神经递质）: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. They play a crucial role in the communication within the nervous system.
2. Nerve（神经）: A nerve is a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical signals between the central nervous system and other parts of the body.
3. Reflex（反射）: A reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus. It is controlled by the spinal cord and does not require input from the brain.
4. EEG (electroencephalogram)（脑电图）: An EEG is a test that records the electrical activity of the brain. It is used to diagnose various neurological conditions.
5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)（磁共振成像）: An MRI is a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain and other body parts.
6. Parkinson's disease（帕金森病）: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. It is characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
7. Alzheimer's disease（阿尔茨海默病）: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia.
8. Stroke（中风）: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, leading to brain damage. It can result in paralysis, speech difficulties, and cognitive impairments.
9. Multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化症）: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It causes inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, resulting in various neurological symptoms.
10. Epilepsy（癫痫）: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
以上是一些与神经系统相关的医学英语词汇，了解和掌握这些词汇对于学习神经系统领域的知识非常重要。希望读者通过学习这些词汇，能够更好地理解和运用神经系统的相关概念。
医学英语词汇：神经系统 篇三
医学英语词汇：神经系统
导语：神经系统(nervous system)是机体内对生理功能活动的调节起 主导作用的 系统 ，主要由神经组织组成，分为 中枢神经系统 和 周围神经系统 两大部分。下面小编为您收集整理了关于神经系统的医学英语词汇，欢迎阅读!
神经系统英语词汇(一)
pyramidal decussation 锥体交叉
inferior olive nucleus 下橄榄核
gracilis tubercule 薄束结节
cuneate tubercule 楔束结节
inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
fourth ventricle 第四脑室
rhomboid fossa 菱形窝
striae medullaris 髓纹
hypoglossal trigone 舌下神经三角
vagal trigone 迷走神经三角
area postrema 最后区
obex 闩
medial eminence 内侧隆起
facial colliculus 面丘
vestibular area前庭区
acoustic tubercle 听结节
middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚
superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚
inferior colliculus 下丘
superior colliculus 上丘
crus cerebri 大脑脚
cerebral aqueduct 中脑导水管
medial lemniscus 内侧丘系
spinal trigeminal tract 三叉神经脊髓束
spinal trigeminal nucleus 三叉神经脊束核
solitary nucleus 孤束核
nucleus ambiguus 疑核
pontine nuclei 脑桥核
trapezoid body 斜方体
lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系
locus ceruleus 蓝斑
substantia nigra 黑质
red nucleus 红核
reticular formation 网状结构
raphe nuclei 中缝核
cerebellum 小脑
diencephalon 间脑
thalamus 丘脑
metathalamus 后丘脑
epithalamus 上丘脑
subthalamus 底丘脑
hypothalamus 下丘脑
opticchiasma 视交叉
telencephalon (cerebrum) 端脑(大脑)
temporal lobe 颞叶
frontal lobe 额叶
parietal lobe 顶叶
occipital lobe 枕叶
insula 岛叶
limbic lobe 边缘叶
corpus callosum 胼胝体
central sulcus 中央沟
lateral sulcus 外侧沟
parieo-occipital sulcus 顶枕沟
calcarine sulcus 距状沟
precentral gyrus 中央前回
postcentral gyrus 中央后回
angular gyrus 角回
supramarginal gyrus 缘上回
lingual gyrus 舌回
cuneus gyrus 楔回
dentate gyrus 齿状回
parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回
uncus (海马旁回)钩
paracentral lobule 旁中央小叶
cingulate gyrus 扣带回
lateral ventricle 侧脑室
basal nuclei 基底核
caudate nucleus 尾状核
lentiform nucleus 豆状核
putamen 壳
globus palidus 苍白球
corpus striatum 纹状体
fornix 穹窿
internal capsule 内囊
cerebral cortex 大脑皮质
dura mater 硬脑膜
arachnoid 蛛网膜
pia mater 软脑膜
basilar artery 基底动脉
cerebral arterial circle 大脑动脉环
cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液
神经系统英语词汇(二)
Nervous System 神经系统
peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统
neuron 神经元
neuroglia 神经胶质
nucleus 神经核
tract 神经束
ganglion 神经节
nerve 神经
spinal nerves 脊神经
cervical plexus 颈丛
phrenic nerve 膈神经
brachial plexus 臂丛
longthoracic nerve 胸长神经
thoracodorsal nerve 胸背神经
axillary nerve 腋神经
musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经
median nerve 正中神经
ulnar nerve 尺神经
radial nerve 桡神经
thoracic nerves 胸神经
intercostal nerve 肋间神经
lumbar plexus 腰丛
lumbosacral trunk 腰骶干
femoral nerve 股神经
obturator nerve 闭孔神经
sacral plexus 骶丛
sciatic nerve 坐骨神经
tibial nerve 胫神经
common peroneal nerve 腓总神经
superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经
deepp eroneal nerve 腓深神经
cranial nerves 脑神经
olfactory nerve 神经
optic nerve 视神经
oculomotor nerve 动眼神经
trochlear nerve 滑车神经
trigeminal nerve 三叉神经
abducent nerve 展神经
facial nerve 面神经
vestibulocochlear nerve 前庭蜗神经
glossopharyngeal nerve 舌咽神经
vagus nerve 迷走神经
accessory nerve 副神经
hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经
visceral nervous system 内脏神经系
autonomic nervous sys
vegetative nervous system 植物性神经系
sympathetic nerve 交感神经
parasympathetic nerve 副交感神经
central nervous system 中枢神经系统
spinal cord 脊髓
gray matter 灰质
white matter 白质
substantia gelatinosa 胶状质
nucleus thoracicus 胸核
fasciculus gracilis 薄束
fasciculus cuneatus 楔束
spinothalamic tract 脊髓丘脑束
corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束
brain (encephalon) 脑
brain stem 脑干
medulla oblongata 延髓
pons 脑桥
midbrain (mesencephalon) 中脑
pyramid 锥体
