英语学术型论文写作范文【精简6篇】

英语学术型论文写作范文 篇一

Title: The Impact of Technology on Education

Abstract:

This paper aims to explore the impact of technology on education. With the rapid advancement of technology in recent years, traditional education methods have been revolutionized. The use of technology in education has brought about significant changes in teaching and learning strategies, student engagement, and the accessibility of education. This paper will discuss the positive and negative effects of technology on education, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.

Introduction:

Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on education cannot be overlooked. The integration of technology in education has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. This paper will examine the various ways technology has impacted education, including the use of digital tools in classrooms, online learning platforms, and the availability of educational resources.

Body:

1. Positive effects of technology on education

1.1 Improved access to education: Technology has made education more accessible to students from all walks of life. Online courses, digital textbooks, and educational websites have made it possible for individuals to access quality education regardless of their geographical location or socioeconomic background.

1.2 Enhanced learning experience: Technology has made learning more interactive and engaging. Multimedia tools, such as videos, animations, and virtual reality, help students grasp complex concepts more easily. Additionally, online collaboration platforms and discussion forums promote active learning and peer-to-peer interaction.

1.3 Personalized learning: Technology has allowed for personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning software can track individual progress and provide tailored content and feedback. This helps students learn at their own pace and focus on areas where they need improvement.

2. Negative effects of technology on education

2.1 Distraction and decreased attention span: The use of technology in classrooms can sometimes lead to distractions. Students may be tempted to browse social media or play games instead of focusing on the lesson. This can result in decreased attention span and hinder student learning.

2.2 Overreliance on technology: While technology can enhance education, overreliance on it can have negative consequences. Teachers and students may become dependent on technology for every aspect of education, leading to a lack of critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

2.3 Inequality in access: Although technology has improved access to education, there is still a digital divide that exists. Students from low-income backgrounds may not have the necessary resources or internet access to fully benefit from technology in education.

Conclusion:

Overall, the impact of technology on education has been significant. It has improved access to education, enhanced learning experiences, and enabled personalized learning. However, it is important to address the challenges and negative effects that technology brings, such as distractions and inequality in access. By leveraging technology effectively and addressing these concerns, we can ensure that education remains accessible and beneficial for all students.

英语学术型论文写作范文 篇二

Title: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Abstract:

This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. AI has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by improving diagnosis accuracy, enhancing patient care, and increasing efficiency. This paper discusses the current applications of AI in healthcare, such as medical imaging analysis, patient monitoring, and drug discovery. It also addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the integration of AI in healthcare.

Introduction:

Artificial intelligence has made significant advancements in various fields, and healthcare is no exception. AI has the potential to transform healthcare by improving patient outcomes, reducing medical errors, and optimizing healthcare processes. This paper aims to examine the current applications of AI in healthcare and its potential future implications.

Body:

1. Applications of AI in healthcare

1.1 Medical imaging analysis: AI algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect abnormalities and assist in diagnosis. AI-powered image recognition systems can identify patterns and anomalies that may be missed by human radiologists, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses.

1.2 Patient monitoring: AI can be used to monitor patient vitals and detect any changes or abnormalities in real-time. This enables early intervention and personalized treatment plans. AI-powered wearable devices can track patient activity, heart rate, and sleep patterns, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals.

1.3 Drug discovery: AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data and identify patterns that may lead to the discovery of new drugs or treatment options. AI can also help in predicting drug interactions and adverse reactions, ensuring patient safety.

2. Challenges and ethical considerations

2.1 Data privacy and security: The use of AI in healthcare requires access to large amounts of patient data. Ensuring the privacy and security of this data is crucial to protect patient confidentiality and comply with regulations.

2.2 Bias and fairness: AI algorithms are trained on existing data, which may contain biases. It is essential to ensure that AI systems are fair and unbiased, especially in healthcare decision-making processes.

2.3 Ethical considerations: The use of AI in healthcare raises ethical questions, such as the responsibility and accountability of AI systems. Who is responsible in case of errors or adverse outcomes? How can AI be used ethically to make life and death decisions?

Conclusion:

Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving diagnosis accuracy, enhancing patient care, and increasing efficiency. However, it is crucial to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the integration of AI in healthcare. By developing robust privacy and security measures, ensuring fairness and accountability, and engaging in ethical discussions, we can harness the full potential of AI to benefit patients and healthcare professionals.

英语学术型论文写作范文 篇三

关键词: 中医药研究生学术论文 英语摘要 语类分析

一、本课题国内外研究现状述评

(一)语类分析

语类分析是篇章语言学重要的研究内容之一(Thompson,1999;Hyland,1999,2004a,2005a,2005b;Paltridge,Starfield,2007)。语类是为实现某一交际目标,得到特定交际社团公认的语言交际类型(葛冬梅、杨瑞英,2005;庞继贤、叶宁,2009)。语类分析主要在语篇层面结合功能进行,目的是阐释学术文体的语篇推进结构和语言特征,体现了学术文体写作的规范要求。

(二)摘要研究述评

学位论文摘要是位于学位论文正文之前对论文整体内容进行概述的独立学术语类。《MLA格式指南与学术出版准则》(1998)对论文摘要的要求是长度不超过350字,内容包括该论文的研究背景、研究问题、研究方法和结论。英语摘要,在中医药研究生学位论文中,除标题外,是唯一用英语写作的部分,其质量直接影响着论文的整体质量,是评判研究生论文质量的重要指标。

目前对学术论文体裁的研究主要集中在对论文引言的研究。普遍认为引言的组织结构与整个论文的结构基本一致,即Swales的CARS语篇模式(Create a Research Space),包括导言(introduction)―方法(method)―结果(result)―讨论(discussion)四个语步,即I-M-R-D模式(Swales,1990)。在导言部分,Swales(1990)有详尽的语步分析,如下表1(改动自黄婷婷、许明武,2003)。目前对于方法(method)、结果(result)、讨论(discussio

n)三个语步的语步分析较少。

Swales的CARS语篇模式已经成为学术论文体裁研究的通用分析模式,为学术界所公认。而国内大多数对学术论文体裁的研究,也沿袭Swales的CARS语篇模式,对论文的引言部分进行体裁分析,而鲜有用此模式对学术论文的英文摘要进行分析。实际上,摘要和引言属于不同的体裁,Graetz(1985)认为论文摘要由四语步构成,即问题的提出(problem)―方法(method)―结果(result)―结论(conclusion)。Bhatia(1993)认为,摘要由以下语步构成:(1)介绍研究目的;(2)描述研究方法;(3)总结研究结果;(4)讨论研究结论。因此,学术论文英语摘要区别于引言,一则在于摘要由于字数限制,较少涉及研究领域的前期研究成果,侧重点在于提出问题和介绍研究目的;而引言部分必须从文献综述入手,否则很难建立自己的研究领域,无法开展下一步的讨论(徐有志等,2007)。二则摘要语篇较之于引言语篇,更需要有效提供研究结论,而不宜占用过多篇幅展开讨论。因此,一方面,鉴于国内对于学术论文摘要部分研究较少,而另一方面,学术论文摘要区别于引言,在第一语步和第四语步有其独特特点,所以,有必要借鉴Swales(1990),Graetz(1985),Bhatia(1993)等前人研究进行深入的探讨和研究。

国际上对学位论文摘要的研究,包括对机械工程、西医外科学、应用语言学文、社会学的研究,当前对中医药英语摘要的研究,关注的焦点是偏误分析(如段平、顾维萍,2002;戈玲玲,2002;王高生,2005),没有对硕博士学位论文摘要的研究,也没有在更高层次上对中医药期刊论文摘要的语类特点进行考察。

二、研究方法

(一)理论研究类

(二)实验研究类

在实验室中,以中医药理论为指导,进行较为严格的变量控制,观察假设中各变量之间是否存在相关关系或因果关系,从中探索中医药作用规律的一种研究方法,受试往往为实验动物。如观察某经典方对受试的治疗效果。

(三)临床研究类

在临床研究中,或在临床实际运用中,以中医药理论为指导,进行较为严格的变量控制,观察假设中各变量之间是否存在相关关系或因果关系,从中探索中医药作用规律的一种研究方法,受试往往为患者。如观察某经典方对受试的治疗效果。

同时,根据Swales的CARS模式,并借鉴黄婷婷、许明武(2003)的研究方法。我对论文摘要进行四大语步的分类:导言(introduction)―方法(method)―结果(result)―讨论(discussion)。判断摘要的文字的语步范围,来自于该文字使用的关键词和关键句型。

三、研究结果和讨论

(一)语步及体裁分类

通过对语料进行初步分类。分类结果如下:

如表2所示,中医药学术论文摘要并不完全遵循传统的论文英语摘要写作模式。首先,理论研究类是区别于其他学科领域论文的特有类型。由于中医药研究重视对传统医学知识的集成和积累,因此文献综述、医案研究、名家经验总结是不可或缺的论文体裁,而其他学科领域中,尤其在理工科和西医学术论文中,除期刊论文可以有文献综述的体裁,一般不允许硕士学位论文和博士论文以纯理论研究的形式出现,因而在摘要中也不会出现理论研究的类型。

其次,通过实际分类发现,在中医药学术论文摘要中普遍存在混合研究的情况,即介绍和讨论理论背景后,通过实验室或者临床应用证明理论指导下对受试进行实验,或者对患者进行施治的情况。而期刊论文摘要由于篇幅所限,往往选择省略对理论背景的讨论,使用直接描述实验或者临床应用的写作策略。同时,在硕博士学位论文中,也存在省略背景讨论的情况,只对实验过程或者临床作用进行讨论。

最后,可以发现,在类型分布上,硕士学位论文学位摘要的种类数量比较平均,以理论研究稍多;而博士学位论文明显以理论研究加实验室研究的混合研究类较多,可以推断,博士论文在理论深度上要求更高,博士生也更多参与实验室研究工作,故而此类较多。同样,因为大多数博士论文的摘要中会包含理论背景,临床研究类的论文数量较少。期刊论文除不存在混合研究外,在其他三种类型中分布平均。这可能和期刊论文的篇幅有限有关,侧重点往往只在一方面。

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(二)语步分析

1.理论研究语步分析。

通过对理论研究的基本语步进行分析,如表2所示,可以看出理论研究类并不遵循Swales的CARS模型,往往只有导言部分(introduction)。另外,学位论文和期刊论文虽然长度不同,均涵盖导言部分的三大语步,即M1:建立研究领域(Establishing a territory);M2:建立研究地位(Establishing a niche);M3:占据研究地位(Occupying the niche)。以硕士学位论文A7每段开头为例:

The virus pneumonia is a commonly significant disease in clinic (M1 S1) .

That the Chinese medicine treats virus pneumonia has the unique superiority and has accumulated rich experience (M2 S4).

This paper aims to study the effects of Xuanchangfeiqi Tang on virus pneumonia and its clinical utilization rule of ventilating lung (M3 S1).

在期刊论文全文中有相似语步,以C2为例:

Di dang Decoction, a classic prescription of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,was used to treat stagnated blood syndrome in ancient times (M1 S1).

Recently,physicians have found that interior stagnant-heat syndrome is manifested in many kinds of internal damage and miscellaneous diseases,so the prescription can treat diseases of different systems (M2 S4).

This paper aims to review the recent clinical reports of Didang Decoction (M3 S1).

2.实验研究、临床研究语步分析。

3.混合研究语步分析。

首先,在三种英语论文摘要中,在期刊论文摘要中混合研究数量为零。我认为,并非期刊论文的实验过程和临床应用没有结合理论,而是在语步中理论并没有体现。

同时,博士学位论文英语摘要的语步特点最完整,使用IMRD或IMRC的语步推进模式,对理论研究部分的描述最全面。以博士论文B9为例,有清晰的元语篇标记(meta-discourse)完成语步转换:

In theoretical research, the article holds that ...(第二段第一句)

In experimental research,we reproduce the mouse model of ...(第三段第一句)

“本文分为理论研究和临床研究两个部分。理论研究方面,运用温病学理论、认识感染性肺炎的病因病机及辨证论治,重点探讨中医与现代现代医学之感染性肺炎在病因、病理认识上的契合点。”

第四段出现对应的元语篇结构:

“临床研究方面,根据症状表现,对南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏省中医院收治的105例感染性肺炎住院患者进行辨证分型,总结临床用药,结果显示,感染性肺炎临床常见证型为痰热壅肺与风热犯肺型;最常用具有宣降肺气以透邪的中药属解表、清热、怯湿、止咳、化痰等类。”

Pneumonia is classified under Feng-wen,or Ke-sou (cough) category in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).Literature study showed that both conventional and TCM shared similar views on causes and pathology of ,in terms of treatment,TCM has its rules and characteristics,which is currently still being recognized as clinically effective.

最后,我们发现,和实验研究、临床研类的语步不同的是,硕博士学位论文摘要中混合研究的语步更多出现讨论部分,或者讨论和结论并存,更符合Swales(1990)的IMRD的语步推进模式。主要原因是篇幅容量足够进行讨论,以及论文评审的要求。

四、结论与意义

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参考文献:

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[5]Thompson, the Contexts for Writing:Interviews within PhD supervisors[M].1999. in P. Thompson (ed.) Issues in EAP Writing Research and Instruction. Reading:Centre for Applied Language Studies.

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[8]Hyland, Interactions in Writing[M].London: .

[9]Hyland, and engagement: A model of interaction in academic discourse [J].Discourse Studies, 2005b, 7:173-192.

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[11]段平,顾维萍.医学论文标题与摘要汉译英常见错误分析[J].中国翻译,2002,23,(4):47-55.

[12]葛冬梅,杨瑞英.学术论文摘要的体裁分析[J].现代外语,2005,28,(2):138-146.

[13]戈玲玲.科技论文摘要英译的语用失误――对非英语专业本科生的一项调查[J].中国科翻译,2002,15,(2):44-46.

[14]黄婷婷,许明武.中外经济类期刊英文摘要语步结构分析[J].外语教育,2003:34-38.

[15]庞继贤,叶宁.语类意识与英语研究论文写作.外语与外语教学,2009,(3):34-36.

[16]王高生.论文摘要的撰写及英译[J].中国科技翻译,2005,18,(2):9-12.

[17]徐有志,郭丽辉,徐涛.学术论文体裁教学不可或缺――英语专业硕士学位论文引言写作情况调查[J].中国外语,2007,4,(4):47-51.

[18]余莉,梁永刚.英语科技论文摘要的写作范式研究[J].外语教学,2006,27,(1):34-37.

本文为南京中医药大学哲学社会科学基金项目“中医药研究生学位论文英语摘要语类研究”成果,编号:09xsk18。

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英语学术型论文写作范文 篇四

摘要主要有三种:学术论文摘要,学术会议摘要及由专门摘要撰写者撰写的摘要。

本文主要探讨学术论文英文摘要。本文所选英文摘要例子均引自国内外语类核心期刊,以体现该研究对象的代表性。Arbor认为,根据撰写方法的不同,学术论文摘要主要有两种:一种是结果式摘要。这种摘要围绕研究发现结果为中心而撰写,有时会附带写上基于发现结果而得出的结论;另外一种是总结陈述式摘要,即对所撰写论文的总结陈述。

还需要注意的是,这片摘要并没有在研究结果的基础上写出据此得出的结论。选择何种方法撰写摘要,主要根据论文内容所属的研究类型和所采取的研究方法而定。本文认为,一般情况下,采用定量研究方法的论文摘要多为“结果式”;采用定性研究方法的论文摘要多为“总结陈述式”。

英语学术型论文写作范文 篇五

I disagree strongly with the idea that the same amount of money should go to university sports activities as to university libraries. Although playing sports is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork, strategy and reaching your goals, it should not be the principal focus of a university education.

Students need the most up-to-date library facilities available to get the best education. Many of those facilities are very expensive to buy and maintain. These include computerized programs and access to internet research databases that students can use to find information all around the world. If a university is only offering its students resources of a decade ago, it’s depriving those students of a tremendous amount of information.

Even the book and magazine budget of universities has gone up tremendously in last decade. More is being published on every subject, and every university wants to have this information available to its students.

It also costs money for universities to keep their libraries open. Students need to have access to all the libraries' research tools as much of time as possible. Because students are young and can stay up all night studying, many universities are starting to leave their libraries open all night during exam periods. This costs money, because the staff has to be paid extra to be there. It also costs money to run the building (electricity, heat) during that time.

Students at universities are only going to benefit from their education if they can get to all the tools they need to learn. Sports are secondary to the resources that students need from university libraries. For this reason, libraries should always be better funded than sport activities.

学术英语常见句式

非限制性定语从句

如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明,就可以用到非限制性定语从句。

1、Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality,whichis of vital importance to their developmentin the future. 毫无疑问,实用性课程可以用于实际中,这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。

2、Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻,这在有时是危险和有害的'。

3、The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

否定句

英语学术型论文写作范文 篇六

学术论文格式范文(1):对社会科学、自然科学、技术开发研究、综合科学的论述说理文章,通过运用概念、判断、推理、证明或反驳等逻辑思维手段.来分析表达科学研究中的成果。

它或是论述创新性研究工作成果的书面文件,或是某些实验性、理论性、观测性的新知识的科学客观记录,或是应用已知的科学原理在技术研究开发中取得新进展的理论总结。

按课题性质可分为基础理论研究、实验[试验]研究、应用开发研究等几种类型。

其基本要求是:①要有创新。

在感性认识的基础上进行理性的.演化,运用科学的逻辑思维方法.经过归纳处理形成理论的概念和系统、得到事物的发生、发展和变化的规律性。

③实事求是。

论文所表达的内容要有真实性。

科学即求实。

④论文规范。

写作格式规范,语言明确简洁、条理层次分明、图解形象、论述严谨、客观、通顺、准确。

学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或预测性上具有的新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录,或是某种已知原理应用于实际上取得新进展的科学总结,用以提供学术会议上宣读、交流、讨论或学术刊物上发表,或用作其他用途的书面文件。

在社会科学领域,人们通常把表达科研成果的论文称为学术论文。

具有四大特点:①学术性 ②科学性 ③创造性 ④理论性

学术论文写作格式技巧:

一篇好的学术论文,必然要求先有好的构思,没有构思可能写出不错的散文,但是永远也写不出一篇好的论文.

(一)谋篇构思的思路与要求

1.构思要围绕主题展开若要使学术论文写得条理清晰、脉络分明,必须要使全文有一条贯穿线,这就是论文的主题。

学术论文影响读者主要就是靠其主题来实现的。

因此,下笔写学术论文前,谋篇构思就要围绕主题,构思要为主题服务。

正如法国的画家米勒(Millet)所说:“所谓构思,是指把一个人的思想传递给别人的艺术”。

可见这一条十分重要。

2.构思学术论文布局,要力求结构完整统一

在对一篇学术论文构思时,有时会发现需要按时间顺序编写,有时又会需要按地域位置(空间)顺序编写,但更多的还是需要按逻辑关系编写,即要求符合客观事物的内在联系和规律,符合科学研究和认识事物的逻辑。

但不管属于何种情形,都应保持合乎情理、连贯完整。

有时,构思出现几种写作方案,这就需要进行比较,在比较中,随着思考的不断深化,写作思路又会经历一个由庞杂到单纯,由千头万绪到形成一条明确线索的过程,此时,应适时抓住顿悟之机,按照古人之去“应机立断,须定一途”的精神,确定一种较好方案。

3.要作读者分析

撰写并发表任何一篇科技文章,其最终目的是让别人读的,因此,构思时要求做“心中装着读者”,多作读者分析。

有了清晰的读者对象,才能有效地展开构思,也才能顺利地确定立意、选材以及表达的角度硕士毕业论文提纲模板范文论文。

一般说来,读者可分为专业读者、非专业读者、主管领导或科技工作主管机构负责人等,人们对科技文章的要求与评估标准各异。

对于学术论文来说,其读者对象为同行专业读者,因此,构思要从满足专业需要与发展的角度去思考,确定取舍材料与表达深度与广度,明确学术论文的重点。

(二)如何提高构思能力

因此,重要的问题在于通过写作实践训练思维能力,思维能力提高了,构思学术论文的能力将随之提高。

据资料报导,世界上先拟制定作提纲,然后按提纲进行写作的科技人员,约占总数的95%。

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